Гуманитарная наука в цифровую эпоху (случай британской устной истории)
Научная статья
Для цитирования
Вахрукова К. Ю. Гуманитарная наука в цифровую эпоху (случай британской устной истории) // Петербургская социология сегодня. 2025. № 30. С. 28-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25990/socinstras.pss-30.8atr-v807 EDN: JKFOTA
Аннотация
Цифровая эпоха кардинально изменила ландшафт гуманитарных наук, представив новые методологии, инструменты и проблемы. Ярко эта трансформация проявилась в Великобритании, где давние архивы устной истории и недавние проекты оцифровки объединились, чтобы по-новому определить, как ученые собирают, сохраняют и интерпретируют личные свидетельства. Технологические достижения — от цифрового редактирования и онлайн-каталогов до искусственного интеллекта и связанных открытых данных (Linked Open Data)[1] — расширили как доступность, так и аналитический потенциал коллекций устной истории, позволив исследователям и общественности взаимодействовать с историческими голосами. Однако переход к цифровым технологиям вызывает важные вопросы: сводится ли устная история только к записям интервью? как сохранить всю полноту контекста рассказов? и что происходит с нашим пониманием опыта людей, когда их рассказы превращаются в структурированные и автоматизированные файлы? Данным вопросам и посвящено настоящее исследование.
[1] В вычислительной технике связанные данные — это структурированные данные, которые связаны с другими данными, поэтому они становятся более полезными благодаря семантическим запросам.
Ключевые слова:
устная история, цифровая эпоха, архивы, Пол Томпсон
Литература
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Sichani A. M. What’s in an (oral history) archive? — 2019. — URL: https://blogs.sussex.ac.uk/connected-histories-of-the-bbc/2019/05/23/whats-in-an-oral-historyarchive/ (access date: 27.04.2025).
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Thompson P., Bornat J. The Voice of the Past: Oral History. — 4th ed. — Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. — 368 p.
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Thompson P., Plummer K., Demireva N. Pioneering Social Research: Life Stories of a Generation. — Bristol: Policy Press, 2021. — 368 p.
Ayton D., Tsindos T., Berkovic D. Chapter 2: Foundations of qualitative research — paradigms, philosophical underpinnings // Qualitative Research: A Practical Guide for Health and Social Care Researchers and Practitioners. — Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Library, 2023. — P. 15–28.
Bishop L. Ethical Sharing and Reuse of Qualitative Data // D. Mertens, P. Ginsberg (eds.). The Sage Handbook of Social Research Ethics. — London: Sage, 2009. — P. 344–358.
Blythe R. Akenfield: Portrait of an English Village. — London: Penguin Books, 2005. — 288 p.
Borgman C. L. Scholarship in the Digital Age: Information, Infrastructure, and the Internet. — Cambridge, MA; London: MIT Press, 2007. — 336 p.
Bornat J. Crossing Boundaries with Secondary Analysis: Implications for Archived Oral History Data // Ethics and Archives: Theory, Methods and Ethics across Disciplines. Seminar 2. — University of Essex, 19 September 2008. — P. 1–13.
Cifor M., Lee J. A. Towards an Archival Critique: Opening Possibilities for Addressing Neoliberalism in the Archival Field // Journal of Critical Library and Information Studies. — 2017. — Vol. 1, No. 1. — P. 5.
Conference on 13 December 1969 at the British Institute of Recorded Sound // Oral History. — 1972. — Vol. 1, No. 1. — P. 2.
Corti L. Editorial // Methodological Innovations Online. — 2006. — Vol. 1, No. 2. — P. 1–9.
Corti L. Infrastructure services and needs for the provision of enhanced qualitative data resources // International Social Science Journal. — 2003. Vol. 55, No. 3. — P. 287–297.
Corti L. Progress and Problems of Preserving and Providing Access to Qualitative Data for Social Research-The International Picture of an Emerging Culture // Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research. — 2000. — Vol. 1, No. 3. — DOI: 10.17169/fqs-1.3.1019.
Corti L. Show Me the Data: research reproducibility in qualitative research // Data Impact blog. 2018-09-18. — URL: https://blog.ukdataservice.ac.uk/show-methe-data/ (access date: 02.05.2025).
Corti L. Text, Sound and Videotape: The Future of Qualitative Data in the Global Network // IASSIST Quarterly. — 1999. — Vol. 23, No. 2. — P. 19.
Corti L., Bishop L. Strategies in Teaching Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data / Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung // Forum: Qualitative Social Research. — 2005. — Vol. 6, No. 1. — Art. 47. — DOI: 10.17169/fqs-6.1.509.
Corti L., Foster J., Thompson P. Archiving qualitative research data // Social Research Update. — 1995. — No. 10. — URL: https://sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SRU10.html (access date: 04.05.2025).
Corti L., Van den Eynden V., Bishop L., Morgan-Brett B. Managing and Sharing Data: Training Resources. — Colchester: UK Data Archive, 2014. — 230 p.
Dale A., Arber S., Procter M. Doing Secondary Analysis. — London: Unwin Hyman, 1988. — P. 1.
David P. A. Understanding the emergence of “open science” institutions: Functionalist economics in historical context // Industrial and Corporate Change. — 2004. — Vol. 13, No. 4. — P. 571–589.
Economic and Social Data Service. Annual Report August 2009 — July 2010. — Colchester: UK Data Archive, University of Essex, 2010. — 68 p. — URL: https://ukdataservice.ac.uk/app/uploads/esds-annualreport20092010.pdf (access date: 01.10.2025).
Eichhorn K. The Archival Turn in Feminism. — Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2013. — P. 5.
Flinn A. Archival activism: Independent and community-led archives, radical public history and the heritage professions // InterActions: UCLA Journal of Education and Information Studies. — 2011. — Vol. 7, No. 2. — P. 1–20.
Flinn A. Community histories, community archives: Some opportunities and challenges // Journal of the Society of Archivists. — 2007. — Vol. 28, No. 2. — P. 151–176.
Flinn A., Stevens M., Shepherd E. Whose memories, whose archives? Independent community archives, autonomy and the mainstream // Archival Science. — 2009. — Vol. 9, No. 1–2. — P. 71–86.
Frisch M. A Shared Authority: Essays on the Craft and Meaning of Oral and Public History. — Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990. — 237 p.
Geiger T., Moore N., Savage M. The Archive in Question. — Manchester: ESRC National Centre for Research Methods Review paper. Centre for Research on Socio-Cultural Change, National Centre for Research Methods. University of Manchester, 2010. — 34 p.
Geiger T., Moore N., Savage M. The Archive in Question. — Manchester: Centre for Research on Socio-Cultural Change, University of Manchester, 2010. — 33 p.
Greene M., McMenemy D. The emergence and impact of neoliberal ideology on UK public library policy, 1997–2010 // Library and Information Science Trends and Research: Europe / A. Spink, J. Heinstrom (eds.). — Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2012. — P. 13–41.
Heaton J. Reworking Qualitative Data. — London: Sage Publications, 2004. — 208 p.
History of the BBC. — URL: https://www.bbc.co.uk/historyofthebbc (access date: 27.04.2025).
History of the British Library’s Sound Archive. — URL: https://www.britishlibrary.cn/en/articles/history-of-the-british-librarys-sound-archive/ (access date: 03.05.2025).
Important Announcement: The Oral History Society // Oral History. — 1974. Vol. 2, No. 1. — P. 2–3.
Lichtman M. Review: Janet Heaton (2004). Reworking Qualitative Data // Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research. — 2005. — Vol. 6, No. 3. — DOI: 10.17169/fqs-6.3.40.
Mauthner N. S., Parry O. Open Access Digital Data Sharing: Principles, Policies and Practices // Social Epistemology. — 2013. — Vol. 27, iss. 1. — P. 47–67.
Murray-Rust P. Open Data in Science // Nature Precedings. — 2008. — URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10101/npre.2008.1526.1 (access date: 01.11.2024).
Nyhan J., Flinn A. Computation and the Humanities: Towards an Oral History of Digital Humanities. — Cham: Springer, 2016. — 286 p.
Seixas L. M. “Learning to listen”, or the Practice of Oral History. An interview with Paul Thompson // Ler História. — 2020. — No. 77. — P. 207–222.
Sichani A. M. What’s in an (oral history) archive? — 2019. — URL: https://blogs.sussex.ac.uk/connected-histories-of-the-bbc/2019/05/23/whats-in-an-oral-historyarchive/ (access date: 27.04.2025).
Smith G. A short history of the Oral History Society, c. 1973–2013 // Wrocław Yearbook of Oral History (Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej). — 2013. — Vol. 3. — P. 93–129.
Thompson P., Bornat J. The Voice of the Past: Oral History. — 4th ed. — Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017. — 368 p.
Thompson P. Re-using Qualitative Research Data: a Personal Account / Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung // Forum: Qualitative Social Research. — 2000. — Vol. 1, No. 3. — Art. 27. — DOI: 10.17169/fqs-1.3.1044.
Thompson P. The Edwardians. The Remaking of British Society. — London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1975. — 320 p.
Thompson P. The Voice of the Past: Oral History. — 3rd ed. — Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. — P. 100–101.
Thompson P., Plummer K., Demireva N. Pioneering Social Research: Life Stories of a Generation. — Bristol: Policy Press, 2021. — 368 p.
Thompson P. Interview with Paul Thompson // Pioneers of Social Research, 1996–2018 / University of Essex, Department of Sociology. — 4th ed. — UK Data Service [distributor], 2019. — SN:6226. Para. 57. — DOI: 10.5255/UKDASN-6226-6.
The Voice of the Past: Oral History (Fourth Edition). — URL: https://ioha.org/the-voice-of-the-past-oral-history-fourth-edition/ (access date: 07.05.2025).
Siew K. The open science movement: Revolution is underway // Physiology News. — 2020. — No. 107. — URL: https://www.physoc.org/magazine-articles/the-open-science-movement-revolution-is-underway/ (access date 08.02.2024). — DOI: 10.36866/pn.107.24.
Thompson P., Plummer K., Demireva N. Pioneering Social Research: Life Stories of a Generation. — Bristol: Policy Press, 2021. — 368 p.
Статья
Поступила: 12.10.2025
Опубликована: 12.12.2025
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
APA
Вахрукова, К. Ю. (2025). Гуманитарная наука в цифровую эпоху (случай британской устной истории). Петербургская социология сегодня, (30), 28-51. https://doi.org/10.25990/socinstras.pss-30.8atr-v807
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